On my recent trip to England I realised that some areas or buildings reminded me of my own country, Argentina. Even my Argentinean friends, who were on holiday in London, too, made similar remarks.
One of the aspects that caught my attention was the architecture of railway stations. Waterloo Station put me in mind of Retiro, one of the three railway termini of Buenos Aires and our local station, Haslemere, looked eerily similar to my home town’s station. I knew that the British had built and operated most railway lines between the 1850s and the 1940s, as this is the kind of thing we learn in history class at school but seeing the similarities really brought it home to me.
I decided to look into the British legacy in Argentina for a new series. The history of the railway is the first installment.
The economic growth of Argentina in the second half of the 19th century went hand in hand with the laying of the railway lines. Many modern towns and cities began as small settlements around train stations, like my own hometown of Ramos Mejia.
Britain had always been interested in Spanish America in general and Argentina in particular and signed various treaties in the 1850s, which laid the groundwork for massive investment in transport, communications and navigation.
The Western Rail Company was formed in 1855 with mainly local capitals in order to build the first railway line. This line ran from Parque Station (where the Colón Opera House stands today) to Flores, eight miles to the west. This line was officially opened in August 1857 and was subsequently extended. (And it happens to be the line that I took everyday to work.)
Several smaller rail companies (and lines) were created after the Western Rail, like the Northern Railway of Buenos Aires, the Buenos Aires and Ensenada Railway, the East Argentine Railway or the Buenos Aires to Campana Line. These companies were eventually absorbed by bigger British-owned outfits like the Central Argentine Railway Ltd. and the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway Co. Ltd. The latter quoted on the London Stock Exchange.
In 1948, President Perón decided to nationalise the seven railway companies operating in Argentina at the time. This was considered a turning point because it was thought to bring about economic independence. All it did was deepen the economic crises from the 1950s onwards by contributing heavily towards the national budget deficits and deteriorate the quality of the rail service and the rolling stock in a downward spiral.
Interesting facts
- The first engine to pull a train in the country was La Porteña, which is now on display at the Enrique Udaondo Museum of Luján (Buenos Aires). La Porteña was originally built in Leeds to use in the Crimea War. After the war, the engines and carriages were put up for sale around the world and that’s how it ended up in South America.
- John Allan, the first engine driver of La Porteña, had the sad duty of driving the train that transported the victims of the yellow fever epidemic of 1870-1871 to the cemetery on the western outskirts.
- The rail companies imported absolutely everything from Britain, from railway terminals to signal boxes. The modern-day La Plata Central Station was originally built for India but news of disturbances and economic problems on the Indian Subcontinent caused the station to be re-routed to Argentina.
Sources
Extracts for The Forgotten Colony by Alexander Graham-Yooll, 1981
Wikipedia (various articles)
Photos: my own. See more on Flickr
Ana Travels and Writes 
Great post, Ana!
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Thank you, Sonny!
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What a great (or should I say brilliant!? haha) idea for a series. You’ve collected some really interesting facts about the railway here in Argentina—I learned a lot from this post!
I thought you might appreciate this photo I took of the former Necochea train station, which is now used as the Municipal School of Art: http://www.flickr.com/photos/katiealley/3388633072/
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Thanks, Katie. I learned a lot too. I read somewhere that Argentina was unofficially considered part of the British Empire in the 19th century because of all the business they did with us.
I loved that photo! The building is gorgeous. Thanks for sharing it.
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Interesting post, Ana! Now…What have the Britons ever done for us! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExWfh6sGyso ;D
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What a funny video clip! I love Monty Python. Thanks for stopping by and sharing it 🙂
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Very interessting idea for a series. I didn’t know Britain had such an involvement in Argentina. Look forward to reading more.
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Thank you, Sophie.
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In the late ’60’s I met chap from Leicester University who had received funding to study the Argentine railway system. He said that at the time the railways were being built, the local tenant farmers got a pretty raw deal as they could be thrown of the land at any time. Usually just after they have fertilised the land and planted crops.
The railway companies bought up very long thin strips of land which included lots of farms on either side of the track. The companies granted security of tenure on these farms, built schools and medical facilities, and advised on the sort of crops which would do better on the individual plots of land. My informant said that they were like long, narrow Welfare States crossing the land.
Don’t know how long they stayed klike that.
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Hi graham. That’s is very interesting. I knew that the railway companies bought strips of land along the tracks but I never heard about the schools and medical facilities. It makes sense if we think that hundreds of towns developed around the stations (like my own home town).
The only example I know of a company creating a mini-welfare state, as you call it, is a meat processing plant in Entre Rios, which disappeared in the 80s. Sadly, the town slowly died afterwards. It’s a ghost town nowadays.
Thank you for this contribution 🙂
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Muy buen post. Me pasó lo mismo en la India, vi similitudes de la estaciones sobre todo en el cartel de Ramos mejía de la foto, allá son iguales, también los construían misma compañia. Y allá sigue estando en las mismas condiciones que en esa época y se nota mucho. Saludos!! 🙂
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Pero claro, si era una colonia britanica. No se me habia ocurrido hace la conexion! Gracias por pasar y comentar!
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Lovely pics, and interesting history, Ana. 🙂
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Thanks!
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Gracias por esta entrada sobre Argentina!
Siempre me agrada mucho lo que me recuerda ese país !
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Gracias a vos por leer y comentar!
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Hello Ana
I am looking for records of Railway Employees who worked in Argentina! Do you know if any exist?
Thank you
Lynnie
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Hi Lynne. I’m sorry but I have no idea! There should be something somewhere, I’m sure.
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